The respective amendments to the Law on the Legal Status of Foreigners passed in a vote of 81 to 14 with 15 abstentions.
The new legislation allows applying the restrictions for migrants under an extreme situation, a special legal regime.
Laurynas Kasciunas, chairman of the parliamentary Committee on National Security and Defense, said that the aim is to make Lithuania an unattractive country for irregular migrants and to prevent them from leaving their accommodation centers and traveling freely to Western Europe.
However, Vytautas Bakas, an opposition MP, said that the amendments bring Lithuania very close to lowering the bar for human rights to historic lows.
Under the new amendments, if a person arrives in Lithuania during wartime, a state of emergency, or an extreme situation declared by the government due to a mass influx of foreign nationals, he or she can be detained for up to six months.
If the person's asylum application is not granted or they fail to apply for asylum and the authorities are unable to expel them from Lithuania during the initial six-month period, their right to free movement may be restricted for up to another six months.
The parliament rejected a proposal from a group of MPs to require a court's approval for extending the detention for up to six months after the initial period ends.
According to the amendments, if the authorities' decision to expel a foreign national who arrived in Lithuania under an extreme situation is not implemented within five years, they are issued with a temporary residence permit, initially for a year.
The new legislation also set the rules for providing humanitarian aid under the state of emergency or extreme situation regimes.
Foreign nationals who have entered Lithuania illegally and have not applied for asylum will have the right to receive free information about their legal situation in a language they understand, and access to state-guaranteed legal aid, emergency medical assistance, and a food allowance if free meals are not guaranteed. Minors will have the right to education.
More than 4,200 irregular migrants have crossed into Lithuania from Belarus illegally so far this year.
Lithuania and other Western countries accuse the Minsk regime of orchestrating the unprecedented migration influx, calling it "hybrid aggression".